American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics

The problem with predoctoral orthodontic education

Vincent G. Kokich — 2013-05-01

I attended a recent conference sponsored by the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) to encourage young orthodontists to become more involved in leadership in the national association. Among the attendees were current residents, newly graduated orthodontists, and doctors who had been in private practice for less than 10 years. We had 2 stimulating speakers who discussed generational differences among professionals as well as the importance of emotional intelligence when dealing with patients, staff, and professional colleagues. But the best part of the day was when the AAO staff assigned these young orthodontists to 1 of 7 discussion groups that dealt with problematic issues that face residents and new practitioners: eg, student debt, difficulty in starting a practice, relationships with referring dentists, the problem with finding orthodontic faculty, and competition from others doing orthodontics. Obviously, these topics generated some lively discussions among the young participants.

Bonded lingual retainers

Lu Ye, Pu Yang — 2013-05-01

We read the article “Lingual retainers bonded without liquid resin: A 5-year follow-up study” in the January 2013 issue of the AJO-DO with great interest (Tang ATH, Forsberg CM, Andlin-Sobocki A, Ekstrand J, Hägg U. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;143:101-4). The authors are to be commended for their work to evaluate the effect of excluding the liquid resin component of a composite bonding product that is based on bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate when bonding lingual retainers. However, we have 2 concerns regarding this article.

Authors' response

2013-05-01

Thank you for conveying these questions to us. We believe that questions are the primary driving force of scientific progress. Two concerns are related to possible bias in our study design because of differences in numbers between the maxillary and mandibular retainers and between the bonding surfaces of the test and control groups.

Informed consent or informed refusal?

Peter M. Greco — 2013-05-01

Karen is an anesthesiology resident and your last patient of the week. Her chief concern is the irregularity of her maxillary incisors. She describes her experience of prolonged, comprehensive orthodontic therapy as an adolescent. She says that she had “4 years of treatment with 8 teeth extracted and a night brace—the works!” She admits that the result was never ideal, even immediately after treatment.

Residents' journal review

Thomas G. Bradley, Jose A. Bosio, Dan Grauer — 2013-05-01

Anterior open-bite malocclusions, often treated with a combined orthodontic and surgical approach, are a great challenge for orthodontists during both treatment and retention. The aim of this review was to evaluate the vertical stability of combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of skeletal anterior open-bite malocclusions by using different surgical techniques and fixation. A literature search yielded 9 studies pertaining to vertical stability after combined orthodontic and surgical treatment; all were retrospective, and most were graded as having a low level of evidence. The data from these studies were evaluated based on the type of surgical procedure and the length of follow-up, with a 2-year cutoff to differentiate short-term from long-term follow-ups. There were wide variations in relapse after combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment for skeletal anterior open bite. Relapses of overbite (>2 mm bite opening) were seen in 16% of long-term follow-ups after LeFort I osteotomy and in 13% of short-term follow-ups after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, yet no changes were greater than 2 mm after bimaxillary surgery. Increases of the mandibular plane angle (>2°) were evident during the short-term follow-ups after bimaxillary surgery, but only evident during long-term follow-ups after LeFort I osteotomies. Additionally, greater increases in the intermaxillary plane angle and anterior facial height tended to be seen in patients after bimaxillary surgery, compared with other surgical interventions. No conclusions could be drawn from the included studies about the influence of the type of fixation on vertical stability. Long-term skeletal relapse appears to be more prevalent after bimaxillary surgery for correction of anterior open-bite malocclusion, although there is a need for well-designed prospective studies with control groups investigating vertical relapse after various surgical interventions.

Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: A meta-analysis

2013-05-01

Introduction: The aims of this meta-analysis were to quantify and to compare the amounts of distalization and anchorage loss of conventional and skeletal anchorage methods in the correction of Class II malocclusion with intraoral distalizers.Methods: The literature was searched through 5 electronic databases, and inclusion criteria were applied. Articles that presented pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric values were preferred. Quality assessments of the studies were performed. The averages and standard deviations of molar and premolar effects were extracted from the studies to perform a meta-analysis.Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 studies were included in the systematic review. After the quality analysis, 2 articles were classified as high quality, 27 as medium quality, and 11 as low quality. For the meta-analysis, 6 studies were included, and they showed average molar distalization amounts of 3.34 mm with conventional anchorage and 5.10 mm with skeletal anchorage. The meta-analysis of premolar movement showed estimates of combined effects of 2.30 mm (mesialization) in studies with conventional anchorage and −4.01 mm (distalization) in studies with skeletal anchorage.Conclusions: There was scientific evidence that both anchorage systems are effective for distalization; however, with skeletal anchorage, there was no anchorage loss when direct anchorage was used.

Factors related to the rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement

Alexander Dudic, Catherine Giannopoulou, Stavros Kiliaridis — 2013-05-01

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations of orthodontically induced tooth movement in the maxillary and mandibular arches between patients and the factors such as age, sex, and presence of an interference that might influence the amount of tooth displacement.Methods: By using a standardized experimental orthodontic tooth movement in 30 subjects, 57 premolars were moved buccally during 8 weeks with the application of a 1-N force. Forty-four contralateral premolars not subjected to orthodontic tooth movement served as the controls. Plaster models from before and after the experimental tooth movement were digitized and superimposed to evaluate the amounts of tooth movement. Differences in tooth movement between the experimental and control groups were tested by an unpaired t test. For the experimental teeth, subject-related factors (age and sex) and tooth-related factors (location in the maxillary or mandibular dental arch, and the presence or absence of an intra-arch or interarch obstacle such as neighboring touching teeth or teeth interfering with the occlusion) were examined with analysis of variance. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine correlations between tooth displacement, age, sex, tooth location, and presence of an interference.Results: Each subject contributed at least 2 experimental premolars and 1 control premolar. The displacement of the orthodontically moved teeth was 2.42 mm (range, 0.3-5.8 mm). Younger subjects (<16 years; n = 19; number of teeth, 36) had significantly greater amounts of tooth displacement compared with older subjects (≥16 years; n = 11; number of teeth, 21): 2.6 ± 1.3 mm vs 1.8 ± 0.8 mm; P <0.01. When an interarch or intra-arch obstacle was present, the amount of tooth movement was significantly less (2.6 ± 1.3 mm vs 1.8 ± 0.8 mm) (P <0.05). Neither sex nor the location of the experimental teeth in the mandible or the maxilla had any effect.Conclusions: Younger patients showed greater tooth movement velocity than did older ones. An interarch or intra-arch obstacle decreased the amount of tooth displacement.

Associations between palatally displaced canines and maxillary lateral incisors

Ing Wei Liuk, Richard John Olive, Mark Griffin, Paul Monsour — 2013-05-01

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate relationships among the location and orientation of palatally displaced canines and the dimension and orientation of the maxillary lateral incisor.Methods: An experimental group of 40 patients with 46 palatally displaced canines (20 from boys, 26 from girls; mean age of the subjects, 13.9 years; age range, 10.5-15.9 years) was selected from the records of patients referred to a radiology practice specializing in cone-beam volumetric tomography imaging. This group was age- and sex-matched with 30 normal subjects with 60 canines (26 from boys, 34 from girls; mean age of the subjects, 13.8 years; age range, 10.4-15.7 years). Digital cone-beam volumetric tomography images were imported into an imaging software and were reoriented and reconstructed into several radiographic images in coronal and sagittal sections; a maxillary arch occlusal view was also produced. The angular and linear variables of the canines and the maxillary lateral incisors were measured by using software measurement tools. Independent t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests were used accordingly based on normality of the data to compare the variables between the palatally displaced canine and the control groups. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between the canine variables (dependent variables) and the maxillary lateral incisor variables together with confounding variables (independent variables).Results: The maxillary lateral incisors in the palatally displaced canine group tended to be more upright in the sagittal and coronal planes. Generally, the most significant independent variables according to backward examination of linear regression for canine variables (coronal and sagittal angulations, and distance to the occlusal plane of palatally displaced canines) were the coronal and sagittal angulations of the maxillary lateral incisors, the length and buccolingual root width of the maxillary lateral incisors, and age.Conclusions: The orientation and location of palatally displaced canines were associated with changes in the angulations of maxillary lateral incisors and small lateral incisors.

Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: A clinical trial study

2013-05-01

Introduction: The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the immediate effects of rapid and slow maxillary expansion protocols, accomplished by Haas-type palatal expanders activated in different frequencies of activation on the positioning of the maxillary first permanent molars and on the buccal alveolar bones of these teeth with cone-beam computerized tomography.Methods: The sample consisted of 33 children (18 girls, 15 boys; mean age, 9 years) randomly distributed into 2 groups: rapid maxillary expansion (n = 17) and slow maxillary expansion (n = 16). Patients in the rapid maxillary expansion group received 2 turns of activation (0.4 mm) per day, and those in the slow maxillary expansion group received 2 turns of activation (0.4 mm) per week until 8 mm of expansion was achieved in both groups. Cone-beam computerized tomography images were taken before treatment and after stabilization of the jackscrews. Data were gathered through a standardized analysis of cone-beam computerized tomography images. Intragroup statistical analysis was accomplished with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, and intergroup statistical analysis was accomplished with analysis of variance. Linear relationships, among all variables, were determined by Spearman correlation.Results and Conclusions: Both protocols caused buccal displacement of the maxillary first permanent molars, which had more bodily displacement in the slow maxillary expansion group, whereas more inclination was observed in the rapid maxillary expansion group. Vertical and horizontal bone losses were found in both groups; however, the slow maxillary expansion group had major bone loss. Periodontal modifications in both groups should be carefully considered because of the reduction of spatial resolution in the cone-beam computerized tomography examinations after stabilization of the jackscrews. Modifications in the frequency of activation of the palatal expander might influence the dental and periodontal effects of palatal expansion.

Three-dimensional deformation comparison of self-ligating brackets

Garrett W. Melenka, David S. Nobes, Jason P. Carey, Paul W. Major — 2013-05-01

Introduction: Archwire rotation is used in orthodontic treatment to alter the labiolingual orientation of a tooth. Measurement of the 3-dimensional (3D) motion of the orthodontic brackets requires a new configuration of the orthodontic torque simulator.Methods: The orthodontic torque simulator was coupled with a stereo microscope and 2 cameras to allow for the 3D bracket motion to be determined during wire twisting. The stereo camera images were processed with a 3D digital image correlation technique to determine the 3D deformation of the orthodontic brackets. Three self-ligating brackets (Damon Q, Ormco, Orange, Calif; In-Ovation R, GAC, Bohemia, NY; and Speed, Strite Industries, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada) were compared by using the 3D digital image correlation method to demonstrate the difference in 3D motion of self-ligating brackets components.Results: Contour plots of the 3 brackets demonstrate the 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and the archwire retentive component. The 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and archwire retentive component were quantified. The displacement values of the archwire retentive component measured with the 3D orthodontic torque simulator were found to be 2.0 and 3.5 times less for the In-Ovation and Damon Q brackets than the values in previous studies that examined the compliance of the archwire retentive component.Conclusions: The 3D digital image correlation method used to quantify bracket deformation showed the 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and the motion of the archwire retentive component. The use of a 3D optical measurement system is useful to understand the motion of the archwire retentive component but is not necessary to quantify bracket tie-wing motion. This measurement technique can be used to evaluate brackets of varying designs.

Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons

Andre Wilson Machado, Won Moon, Luiz Gonzaga Gandini — 2013-05-01

Introduction: Our objective was to determine the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypeople with respect to asymmetries on the maxillary incisor edges in a frontal smile analysis.Methods: Two frontal close-up smile photos of 2 women, 1 white and 1 Afro-Brazilian, were selected for this study. Both smiles displayed healthy maxillary anterior dentitions. The images were digitally altered to create tooth wear on the maxillary left central and lateral incisors in 0.5-mm increments. The final images were randomly assembled into a photo album that was given to 120 judges, 60 orthodontists and 60 laypersons. Each rater was asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the images with visual analog scales. The data collected were statistically analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test and the unpaired Student t test.Results: The most attractive smiles in both types of smiles were those without asymmetries and the 0.5-mm wear in the lateral incisor. In general, tooth wear was considered unattractive by both groups of raters following a pattern: the more tooth wear, the more unattractive the smile; tooth wear in the central incisor was considered more unattractive than in the lateral incisor. For both group of raters, 0.5 mm of wear in the central incisor was considered unattractive, whereas the thresholds for lateral incisor discrepancies were 0.5 mm for orthodontists and 1.0 mm for laypersons.Conclusions: The result of this study corroborates the clinical assumption that symmetry between the maxillary central incisors is a paramount goal for esthetic treatments.

Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning

Ryan J. Hodges, Kathryn A. Atchison, Stuart C. White — 2013-05-01

Introduction: In this study, we measured the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.Methods: Participant orthodontists shown traditional orthodontic records for 6 patients were asked to provide a diagnostic problem list, a hypothetical treatment plan, and a clinical certainty. They then evaluated a CBCT scan for each patient and noted any changes, confirmations, or enhancements to their diagnosis and treatment plan.Results: The number of diagnosis and treatment plan changes varied widely by patient characteristics. The most frequently reported diagnosis and treatment plan changes occurred in patients with unerupted teeth, severe root resorption, or severe skeletal discrepancies. We found no benefit in terms of changes in treatment plan for patients when the reason for obtaining a CBCT scan was to examine for abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint or airway, or crowding. Orthodontic participants who own CBCT machines or use CBCT scans frequently in practice reported significantly more diagnosis and treatment plan changes and greater confidence after viewing the CBCT scans during the study.Conclusions: The results of this study support obtaining a CBCT scan before orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning when a patient has an unerupted tooth with delayed eruption or a questionable location, severe root resorption as diagnosed with a periapical or panoramic radiograph, or a severe skeletal discrepancy. We propose that CBCT scans should be ordered only when there is clear, specific, individual clinical justification.

Mechanical properties of Opus closing loops, L-loops, and T-loops investigated with finite element analysis

Paiboon Techalertpaisarn, Antheunis Versluis — 2013-05-01

Introduction: The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanical properties at both sides of Opus closing loops by analyzing the effects of loop shape, loop position, coil position, and tipping of the vertical legs.Methods: Opus loops were compared with L-loops (with and without a coil) and a T-loop by using finite element analysis. Both upright and tipped vertical loop legs (70°) were tested. Loop response to loop pulling was simulated at 5 loop positions for a 12-mm interbracket distance and 10-mm loop lengths and heights. Three-dimensional models of the closing loops were created by using beam elements with stainless steel properties. The L-loops and Opus loops were directed toward the anterior side. Loop properties (horizontal load/deflection, vertical force, and moment-to-force ratio) at both loop ends were recorded at activation forces of 100 and 200 g.Results: Upright Opus loops and L-loops showed the highest moment-to-force ratios (8.5-9.3) on the canine bracket when the loop was centered. The Opus loops and L-loops with tipped vertical legs and the T-loop had slightly lower moment-to-force ratios (7.8-8.5), with the maximum values occurring when the loop was placed close to the canine bracket end.Conclusions: Upright L-loops showed the highest moment-to-force ratios on canine brackets, whereas backward tipping of the vertical legs shifted mechanical properties closer to those of a T-loop. Loop properties varied with loop configuration and position. Clinicians should understand the specific characteristics of each loop configuration to most effectively exploit them for the desired tooth movements.

Dentoskeletal changes induced by the Jasper jumper and the activator-headgear combination appliances followed by fixed orthodontic treatment

2013-05-01

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the dentoskeletal changes of patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with either the Jasper jumper appliance or the activator-headgear combination, both associated with fixed appliances.Methods: The sample comprised 72 subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion divided into 3 groups: group 1 included 25 subjects treated with fixed appliances and the force modules of the Jasper jumper at an initial mean age of 12.72 years, group 2 included 25 subjects treated with the activator-headgear combination followed by fixed appliances at an initial mean age of 11.07 years, and group 3 included 22 untreated subjects at an initial mean age of 12.67 years. Initial cephalometric characteristics and dentoskeletal changes were compared with analysis of variance.Results: Both experimental groups had similar dentoskeletal changes: restrictive effect on the maxilla, clockwise mandibular rotation and a slight increase in anterior face height, retrusion of the maxillary incisors, distalization of the maxillary molars, protrusion of the mandibular incisors, extrusion of the mandibular molars, and significant improvements of the maxillomandibular relationship, overjet, overbite, and the molar relationship.Conclusions: The effects of the Jasper jumper and the activator-headgear combination followed by fixed orthodontic appliances were similar in Class II malocclusion treatment.

Stability of quad-helix/crib therapy in dentoskeletal open bite: A long-term controlled study

2013-05-01

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term stability of quad-helix/crib treatment in subjects with dentoskeletal open bite.Methods: Twenty-eight subjects (11 boys, 17 girls; mean age, 8.2 ± 1.3 years) were treated consecutively with quad-helix/crib appliances. The patients were reevaluated at the end of active treatment with the quad-helix/crib (mean age, 9.7 ± 1.6 years) and at least 5 years after the completion of treatment (mean age, 14.6 ± 1.9 years). A control group of 20 untreated subjects with the same dentoskeletal disharmony was used for the statistical comparison (Mann-Whitney U test).Results: In the long term, the quad-helix/crib group showed a significant reduction in the ANB angle (−1.3°), a downward rotation of the palatal plane (1.8°), a greater increase in overbite (2.1 mm), and a decrease in overjet (−1.5 mm) when compared with the controls.Conclusions: In the long term, the use of the quad-helix/crib appliance led to successful outcomes in about 93% of the patients considered. Correction of dentoskeletal open bite was associated with a clinically significant downward rotation of the palatal plane.

Reconstruction of a collapsed dental arch in a patient with severe periodontitis

Yoshiki Nakamura, Kazuhiro Gomi, Takashi Oikawa, Hajime Tokiwa, Toshiko Sekiya — 2013-05-01

This case report describes the significance of orthodontic treatment in reconstruction of a collapsed dental arch and a malocclusion associated with severe periodontitis. A Japanese man (age, 40 years 7 months) had an anterior crossbite, a collapsed occlusion, and severe periodontitis. Orthodontic treatment included the following steps: (1) correction of the anterior crossbite, labial movement of the maxillary incisors, and intrusion and retraction of the mandibular incisors; (2) correction of the posterior crossbite on the left side, buccal movement of the maxillary left canine and first premolars, and intrusion and retraction of the mandibular first premolar into the space of the mandibular left canine; (3) correction of the crowding of the mandibular right buccal segment and alignment of the teeth after extraction of the mandibular right first molar with a periapical lesion; and (4) improvement of the occlusion, with reconstruction of an acceptable occlusion. When combined with restorative and prosthodontic treatment, a fairly good occlusion was obtained. Reevaluation of the treatment after 11 years showed that the occlusion and periodontal condition were maintained well without deepening of the pockets and further bone loss. Orthodontic treatment with a systematic approach helped to recover the occlusion and prevented the recurrence of periodontitis by acquiring a good oral environment and motivating the patient to maintain oral health.

Iatrogenic absence of maxillary canines: Bolton discrepancy treated with mandibular incisor extraction

2013-05-01

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of an adult patient with iatrogenic absence of the maxillary canines, moderate maxillary and severe mandibular dental crowding, a Bolton discrepancy with a large mandibular anterior excess, a maxillary right lateral incisor crossbite, and Angle Class II molar relationships. The treatment consisted of fixed appliance therapy, mandibular incisor extraction, tooth bleaching, and dental recontouring. This method of treatment maintained the patient's good facial appearance, improved the dental esthetics, and provided a good functional occlusion, eliminating the arch length and Bolton discrepancies and providing a good outcome with minimal undesirable effects.

Canine autotransplantation: Effect of extraction site preservation with a titanium prosthesis and a bioresorbable membrane

Nan Ru, Yuxing Bai — 2013-05-01

The permanent canine is the most frequently displaced or impacted tooth. The standard treatment for an impacted canine includes surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment. Autotransplantation is a treatment alternative for canines with complete root formation. The purpose of this article is to report a canine autotransplantation where the extraction site was preserved with a titanium prosthesis and a bioresorbable membrane. The autotransplanted canine had minimal root resorption and no ankylosis.

Submandibular-space abscess from loss of a bonded molar tube during orthognathic surgery

2013-05-01

The use of bonded orthodontic molar tubes is becoming more prevalent in orthodontics because they have some advantages over conventional bonding. However, a bonded apparatus can become detached, leading to complications. This article presents the case of a submandibular-space abscess associated with a molar tube that detached during orthognathic surgery and became embedded in the soft tissues. The site became infected, and antibiotics were prescribed. Eventually, the molar tube migrated and could be removed under local anesthesia.

Three-dimensional reproducibility of natural head position

Diana W. Weber, Drew W. Fallis, Mark D. Packer — 2013-05-01

Introduction: Although natural head position has proven to be reliable in the sagittal plane, with an increasing interest in 3-dimensional craniofacial analysis, a determination of its reproducibility in the coronal and axial planes is essential. This study was designed to evaluate the reproducibility of natural head position over time in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes of space with 3-dimensional imaging.Methods: Three-dimensional photographs were taken of 28 adult volunteers (ages, 18-40 years) in natural head position at 5 times: baseline, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week. Using the true vertical and horizontal laser lines projected in an iCAT cone-beam computed tomography machine (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa) for orientation, we recorded references for natural head position on the patient's face with semipermanent markers. By using a 3-dimensional camera system, photographs were taken at each time point to capture the orientation of the reference points. By superimposing each of the 5 photographs on stable anatomic surfaces, changes in the position of the markers were recorded and assessed for parallelism by using 3dMDvultus (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga) and software (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions, Chatsworth, Calif).Results: No statistically significant differences were observed between the 5 time points in any of the 3 planes of space. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the mean angular deviations of 3 reference planes, with a hierarchy of natural head position reproducibility established as coronal > axial > sagittal.Conclusions: Within the parameters of this study, natural head position was found to be reproducible in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes of space. The coronal plane had the least variation over time, followed by the axial and sagittal planes.

So let be written, so let it be done

Laurance Jerrold — 2013-05-01

When Yul Brenner banishes Charlton Heston from Egypt in the movie The Ten Commandments, he utters the words that are the title of this month's article. The saying of these words makes a point. When you set something down in writing, it is plain and unambiguous, and meant to be followed to the letter: no hemming and hawing; no ifs, ands, or buts; it is to be as it is written.

Multiplicity 3: Repeated measures

Nikolaos Pandis — 2013-05-01

In the previous 2 articles, I discussed multiplicity in the context of subgroup analyses, multiple treatments, and multiple outcomes. In this article, I will discuss multiplicity in the context of repeated measurements.

Earn 3 hours of CE credit

Allen Moffitt — 2013-05-01

Atlas of cone beam imaging for dental applications, 2nd edition

Brent Larson — 2013-05-01

Dale Miles is a well-known and well-published oral and maxillofacial radiologist as well as a diplomate of the American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Board of Oral Medicine. He has recently released the second edition of this book to help us all learn more about cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the volume images we acquire and view.

Sverker Toreskog, 1936-2013

Björn U. Zachrisson — 2013-05-01

Sverker Toreskog passed away on February 13, 2013, after a prolonged illness, at age 76. Although he was a prosthodontist, Sverker was well known in the orthodontic community. He was the key member in our Scandinavian interdisciplinary dentistry team. Whereas traditional restorative dentistry depends on destructive tooth preparations to restore teeth, Sverker's minimally invasive and esthetic bonded porcelain techniques opened up a whole new panorama of possibilities. I met Sverker in 1991, when both of us were lecturing to general dentists in Gausdal, a Norwegian mountain resort. We connected immediately, became close friends, and started an interdisciplinary team that lasted more than 20 years.

Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations

2013-05-01

Editors

2013-05-01

Information for Readers

2013-05-01

American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics

The problem with predoctoral orthodontic education

Bonded lingual retainers

Authors' response

Informed consent or informed refusal?

Residents' journal review

Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: A meta-analysis

Factors related to the rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement

Associations between palatally displaced canines and maxillary lateral incisors

Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: A clinical trial study

Three-dimensional deformation comparison of self-ligating brackets

Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons

Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning

Mechanical properties of Opus closing loops, L-loops, and T-loops investigated with finite element analysis

Dentoskeletal changes induced by the Jasper jumper and the activator-headgear combination appliances followed by fixed orthodontic treatment

Stability of quad-helix/crib therapy in dentoskeletal open bite: A long-term controlled study

Reconstruction of a collapsed dental arch in a patient with severe periodontitis

Iatrogenic absence of maxillary canines: Bolton discrepancy treated with mandibular incisor extraction

Canine autotransplantation: Effect of extraction site preservation with a titanium prosthesis and a bioresorbable membrane

Submandibular-space abscess from loss of a bonded molar tube during orthognathic surgery

Three-dimensional reproducibility of natural head position

So let be written, so let it be done

Multiplicity 3: Repeated measures

Earn 3 hours of CE credit

Atlas of cone beam imaging for dental applications, 2nd edition

Sverker Toreskog, 1936-2013

Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations

Table of Contents

Editors

Information for Readers